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SPANISH LITERATURE

The famous early classic of Spanish literature, the sober and unornamented epic poem Cantar de Mío Cid (12th century), deals with the life and deeds of the national hero, Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, called Cid Campeador. In the 13th century, many other epic poems as well as the oldest popular lyrics appeared in the different provinces of the Iberian Peninsula. The first Spanish poet was the priest Gonzalo de Berceo. Under the patronage of King Alfonso X (1221–84), himself a writer, Castilian prose was developed and many Arabic and Hebrew works were translated into Spanish. In the 14th century, most important writers were López de Ayala, whose poem Rimado de palacio satirized the customs of the age; Fán Pérez de Guzmán, author of the historical Generaciones y semblanzas; the prince Don Juan Manuel, nephew of King Alfonso X, whose Libro de los ejemplos del conde Lucanor et de Patronio was the first book of short stories in Spanish; and the satirical poet Juan Ruiz. During the reign of John II of Castile in the first half of the 15th century, two important poets were Juan de Mena and el marqués de Santillana, both of whom wrote under Italian influence. The Italian poetic forms have a great importance in aiding Spanish verse to grow beyond folk art and pseudo-Provençal, but they were not assimilated into Spanish letters for another century. The outstanding prose work of the period was the novel La Celestina (1499), attributed to Fernando de Rojas. Spanish Poems Title Autor Soneto II Pablo Neruda Poema 1 Pablo Neruda Poema 12 Pablo Neruda Poema 20 Pablo Neruda Poema del Fracaso José Ángel Buesa Poesía del Amor Imposible José Ángel Buesa Mi Corazón se Siente Satisfecho José Ángel Buesa A Phocás, el Campesino Rubén Darío El Soneto de Trece Versos Rubén Darío Venus Rubén Darío Te quiero Mario Benedetti Hoy Tu Tiempo es Real Mario Benedetti Y si Dios Fuera Mujer Mario Benedetti